The Theodosian Code - Laws of the Middle Ages

The Theodosian Code (in Latin, Codex Theodosianus) was a compilation of Roman Law authorized by Eastern Roman Emperor Theodosius II in the fifth century. The code was intended to streamline and organize the complicated body of imperial laws promulgated since the reign of Emperor Constantine in 312 C.E., but it included laws from much further back, as well. The code was formally begun on March 26, 429, and it was introduced on February 15, 438. Codex Gregorianus and Codex Hermogenianus In large part, the Theodosian Code was based on two previous compilations: the Codex Gregorianus (the Gregorian Code) and the Codex Hermogenianus (the Hermogenian Code). The Gregorian Code had been compiled by the Roman jurist Gregorius earlier in the fifth century and contained laws from Emperor Hadrian, who reigned from 117 to 138 C.E., down to those of Emperor Constantine. The Hermogenian Code The Hermogenian Code had been written by Hermogenes, another fifth-century jurist, to supplement the Gregorian Code, and it focused primarily on the laws of the emperors Diocletian (284–305) and Maximian (285–305). Future law codes would, in turn, be based on the Theodosian Code, most notably the Corpus Juris Civilis of Justinian. While Justinians code would be the core of Byzantine law for centuries to come, it wasnt until the 12th century that it began to have an impact on western European law. In the intervening centuries, it was the Theodosian Code that would be the most authoritative form of Roman law in western Europe. The publication of the Theodosian Code and its rapid acceptance and persistence in the west demonstrates the continuity of Roman law from the ancient era into the Middle Ages. The Foundation of Intolerance in Christendom The Theodosian Code is particularly significant in the history of the Christian religion. Not only does the code include among its contents a law that made Christianity the official religion of the Empire, but it also included one that made all other religions illegal. While clearly more than a single law or even a single legal subject, the Theodosian Code is most famous for this aspect of its contents and is frequently pointed to as the foundation of intolerance in Christendom. Also Known As: Codex Theodosianus in LatinCommon Misspellings: Theodosion CodeExamples: A great many earlier laws are contained in the compilation known as the Theodosian Code.

Quebec’s proposed Charter of Value exists to certify the...

Quebec’s proposed Charter of Value exists to certify the rights and values of its society, while attempting to unify its population in an unprecedented way; a way that excels our current society and precedent. Although it may at first glance convey the impression of an innocent law, in my opinion, it is actually a nonsensical charter. This nonsense is expressed in the fact that prohibition would be imposed on religious clothing such as hijabs, kippas, turbans and larger than average crucifixes for public employees. As a result, the inherent freedom that dwells the Quebec would be impeded, and therefore create incessant frustrations. Moreover, the damage caused by the law thoroughly overshadows the seemingly existent beneficial part. While†¦show more content†¦Violence against veiled women has been increased; there are scenes where brutality against veiled women has been witnessed. Ultimately, the proposed charter is a malicious law that does not harmonize with Quebec. Countless individuals are voicing their honest thoughts on this matter. As a Canadian-Muslim woman, I proudly wear my hijab, a choice that is completely my own and not influenced by others. Wearing my hijab does not cause any physical or psychological harm to anyone so than why should I be forced to remove it, if I want a good job working in Quebec? Have we really become so intolerant and insecure of ourselves that even the sight of a religious symbol has become unbearable and strikes fear in our society? The proposed charter is an infringement on my basic rights as a human. What I choose to wear is my personal choice; a freedom I thought I had as a Canadian citizen by birth. -Hagirah Farooq, student, Longueuil, Que. This individual sums up the main point; she demonstrates frustration at the absurdity of the Charter, as she feels the infringement of her basic rights as a human. Jeremy Bentham, the founder of the moral philosophy known as Utilitarianism, would state his displeasure on this law, as it is the exact contrary of his philosophy. This law, although not intended, maximizes displeasures rather than happiness; something that goes without saying, unsuccessful in society. While this charter has, from my perception,Show MoreRelatedThe Knowledge Of Knowledge And Knowledge Essay1450 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is knowledge? Some would say that it is simply â€Å"to know,† but it is much deeper than that. The philosophers of knowledge have developed arguments about the different terms used to explain the term â€Å"knowledge.† As apparent with philosophers, each philosopher has his or her thought about the idea of knowledge where they either agree with some of their fellow philosophers, or criticize their ideas. 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Why Kedarnath Happened Free Essays

string(67) " in mind that the geology is still roughly the same \(Picture 3\)\." A scientific analysis of the reasons for the disaster that struck Uttarakhand, particularly the temple town. THE primary trigger for the Uttarakhand disaster following the very heavy rain during June 16-18 was the extremely unusual behaviour of the monsoon this year over north India. The incessant, heavy rainfall over three days, perhaps accompanied by a few cloudburst-type events (which cannot be confirmed), resulted in flash floods and associated landslides. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Kedarnath Happened or any similar topic only for you Order Now The devastation all round in their wake has been huge but the largest impact has been at the temple town of Kedarnath, which was in the midst of the annual pilgrimage season, with tens of thousands of people thronging the town and the downstream region along the Mandakini river . 1). Rainfall measurements for June 16 and 17 at the Dehradun station, of 220 millimetres and 370 mm respectively, indicate the severity of the rain during these days in the region. Haridwar received 107 mm and 218 mm of rainfall on the two days. Uttarkashi received 122 mm and 207 mm. While Mukteshwar (altitude over 2,000 metres) received 237 mm and 183 mm respectively on June 17 and 18, Nainital on the same days received 176 mm and 170 mm. Though rainfall over a 24-hour period in different parts of Uttarakhand has greatly exceeded these figures in the past (on many occasions above 450-500 mm and once even 900 mm at Rajpur near Dehradun), prolonged heavy rainfall for nearly three days over a large area is perhaps unprecedented, and the cumulative effect, compounded by geophysical, meteorological and environmental factors, may be the reason for the enormity of the disaster. More pertinently, these numbers do not give the actual quantitative picture of the very heavy rainfall in the higher reaches of the Himalayas (above 3,000 m) in Uttarakhand, where Kedarnath, Gangotri and Badrinath are located and where the impact has been most severe. This is because the rain gauge stations of the India Meteorological Department (IMD) are all located largely in the lower Himalayan reaches (below 2,000 m) and there are no stations in the higher reaches (above 3000 m). This is probably because snowfall data is regarded as more important than detailed rainfall data in these regions. As a result, there is no proper estimate of the rainfall in the affected regions. Unexpected advance What was peculiar about the monsoon this year? On June 14, the monsoon front was located over eastern India. In fact it was a trifle sluggish compared with the normal progress of the front (Map 1a). But within a day (Map 1b), the front advanced right across Uttar Pradesh and the western regions to cover the entire country by June 15, exactly a month ahead of its normal date of July 15. While the IMD had forecast a rapid advance with the announcement that the monsoon would strike Delhi before the normal scheduled date of June 30, its advance right across to the west just within a day was entirely unexpected. This has never happened in the past, according to M. Rajeevan, Adviser in the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES). A system of westerly winds from the Arabian Sea had also been active during the same period and had covered Pakistan. It was a strong westerly system, and Rajeevan noted that it was similar to the system that stayed anchored over Pakistan in July 2010 and caused widespread flooding in Sindh, Punjab and Baluchistan. Of course, by July 2010 the south-west monsoon had covered entire India, but this time around the system had formed in June itself. It was the interaction between the well-formed low-pressure system of the south-west monsoon from east to west and the upper air westerly trough running from north-west Rajasthan to the east that resulted in the heavy rainfall over Uttarakhand. In fact, the westerly system dragged the monsoon trough, which was anchored over Rajasthan and central India until then, towards the north across Haryana. A monsoon trough facilitates the movement of rainfall-causing low-pressure systems along its path. Its rapid movement northwards enabled the low-pressure system that was in the eastern part of the country to quickly traverse and locate itself over north-west India. According to Rajeevan, while the phenomenon of the monsoon trough being dragged northwards by the advancing strong westerly trough is known to occur, the exact dynamics of interaction between the two systems is not well studied. Thus, as the press release of June 20 of the IMD noted, â€Å"North-west India became the zone of an unusual confluence of the two branches of the monsoon—the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch. The geology and orography of [the Himalayan regions] of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh resulted in the unprecedented impact in these two States. † While the IMD had issued warnings of widespread severe rainfall in the region soon after the observation of the advancing monsoon systems, the scale of impact could not be anticipated. Geophysical dynamics The peculiarity of the monsoon apart, the other interesting question is what geophysical dynamics channelled the major part of devastation along the Kedarnath valley and downstream of Kedarnath on the Mandakini. The region around Kedarnath is known to geologists to be prone to landslides. This is also clear from an early 1882 Geological Survey of India photograph of Kedarnath (Picture 2), which shows that the temple site is located not far away from the snouts of two mountain glaciers. David Petley, an expert on landslides at the Department of Geography at Durham University, United Kingdom, has analysed the calamitous event at Kedarnath on the basis of images from the remote-sensing satellites of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the U. S. Landsat. He points out that the amount of debris and rubble below the glacier on the left side of the 1882 picture suggests that transportation of sediment and debris from the upper reaches was active even then, and adds that the steep slope that is visible would have aided rapid transportation. It should be borne in mind that the geology is still roughly the same (Picture 3). You read "Why Kedarnath Happened" in category "Papers" It is evident from the post-event images of Kedarnath town around the temple that the massive destruction was the result of largescale debris carried by the huge volume of water from the upper reaches above the town. One of the compounding factors was that the glacial regions above Kedarnath had received fresh and excess snowfall when heavy rainfall hit the region (Pictures 4a b), according to scientists of the National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) of ISRO. Rainwater, with higher temperature, falling on the snow must have led to heavy snow melt and this runoff would have added to the rainwater runoff, resulting in a huge water flow that carried with it a huge debris flow, which struck the town with enormous ferocity. The snow cover has, in fact, increased in general subsequent to the extreme rainfall and flooding events (the satellite image on May 28/June 1 shows less snow cover). According to the NRSC scientists, the detailed dynamics of water flow due to snow melt caused by rain, particularly when snowfall is in excess, and the hydrology of it are not well understood. The NRSC recently released excellent high-resolution pre-flood and post-flood images of the Kedarnath region (Pictures 5a 5b) taken by ISRO’s remote-sensing satellites Cartosat-2A and Resourcesat-2. The NRSC, on the basis of remote-sensing images from Resourcesat-2, has carried out an inventory of the landslides that occurred between Kedarnath and Sonprayag, a distance of approximately 20 km on the Mandakini. According to the preliminary report, the study identified a total of 192 landslides in this Himalayan stretch (Picture 6). Many landslides were triggered in the glacial regions in the mountains above Kedarnath. The large-scale debris flows from above were the result of these massive landslides. Double whammy Actually, for Kedarnath it was a double whammy. The massive damage caused to Kedarnath town can be seen clearly in the post-flood image. Just as there was an unusual confluence of two monsoon streams up in the atmosphere, in the mountainous terrain around Kedarnath, too, there was a coincidental reinforcing of two massive debris flows from above, one from the north-western side of the Kedarnath temple and the other from the north-eastern side. Petley has analysed these images to arrive at a plausible scenario as to what caused the massive onslaught on the town, virtually flattening it. This flow cascaded further and caused heavy damage downstream as well. The NRSC scientists, too, in their analysis, have come roughly to the same general conclusion. According to Petley, the two different but reinforcing events that caused the disaster were landslide-induced debris that came from the glaciated area in the north-east and a glacial-related flow that originated from the north-west glacier. From the images, one can distinctly identify the two flows. Petley, from his analysis of the images, the-cause -of-the-debris-flow-disaster-is-now -clear/), has inferred the following: 1. The flow from the north-east came down the margin of the glacier and spread out to strike the town. 2. The north-west flow descended from the other glacier to hit the town. 3. While a large part of the flow from the north-west passed the town on its west side, a part also struck it directly. On the basis of the pattern of overlay of sediments and their nature, Petley concludes that the flow from the north-west occurred after the one from the north-east. According to him, the debris flow from the north-east was triggered by a large, 75 m wide, landslide caused by heavy rainfall high on the mountains, which then came down the steep slope about 500 m, gathering the debris in its path. The flow was initially channelled into a narrow gully formed by the glacier and on exiting it the flow spread out in the floodplains before striking the town over a large area. The steepness of the slope would have given the debris enormous velocity when it struck the town. The total length traversed by this debris flow is estimated to be about 1,200 m. The event from the north-west was, however, quite different, points out Petley. The spot marked 1 in Picture 7 is a moraine, which had created a block for a basin to form, allowing the water to build up in it as a pool or a lake. This is what the local people call the Chorabari Tal, to which, in fact, pilgrims trek a few kilometres along the west side of the valley to have a dip. The Chorabari glacier has been retreating constantly in modern times, and according to D. P. Dobhal of the Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, it has retreated about 300 m since 1960. The effect of the retreat is to leave a moraine that can allow lakes to form, which can then collapse,† pointed out Petley in an e-mail message to Frontline. â€Å"In Kedarnath, this is exactly what happened. I am not sure when the lake basin formed—it may not have been in modern times—but this is a dangerous situation. Of equal concern is the trend towards more intense rainfall, especially if this occurs early in the year (that is, during snowmelt),† Petley added. Wall of water Eyewitness accounts say a huge wall of water swept the Kedarnath town in a flash. The spot marked 2 shows that the moraine had been breached by the rapidly building up water because of heavy rainfall and the water overtopping the moraine wall. The breach led to the sudden release of the impounded water and resulted in a massive wall of water sweeping across the Kedarnath valley and the town and causing a huge flash flood. According to the NRSC scientists, this lake would have had a depth of about 15 m, and the event was not exactly a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF), which occurs when a dam or moraine wall is breached because of the sheer pressure exerted by the stagnant glacial water and ice that it encloses. This was a case of lake flooding because of excessive rainfall and consequent overtopping of the moraine wall, which eventually breached. The flow was so huge and forceful that it overtopped the moraine on the other side of the glacier as well, at the spot marked 3, resulting in three flows: one moving south-east to join the earlier debris flow from the north-east and enhancing it before turning southwards and striking the town. The third flow is a new channel that opened up, perhaps exploiting an existing old channel, because of the breach at spot 3. Heading down the slope towards the town at great velocity, it gathered sediment and debris en route and resulted in a muchwidened flow closer to Kedarnath. However, the bulk of the debris flow, as Picture 7 shows, moved southwards towards the town down the main channel on the south western side, which is the normal channel for glacial water flow. The spot marked 4 shows heavy erosion due to the flow in the area, suggesting that the flow must have carried a huge volume of water. According to Petley, this flow must have carried the many huge boulders and rocks seen in the post-flood image of the temple town. Closer to the town, the flow spread before striking. As a result, the debris and water flow moved to the east side of the town as well, engulfing the town from both sides. According to this picture supplied by Petley, which others too are in general agreement with, Kedarnath was first pounded by an earlier debris flow from the north-east, then a later pounding by the flow from the north-west. Petley suggests that the latter flow must have been more efficient because of the preceding events and also because it struck the town from both the west and the east simultaneously. The image also shows a dark patch just above Kedarnath on the north-eastern side (to the right of the spot marked 5) suggesting the formation of a new depression, which could have turned into a small-sized lake because of the heavy rainfall. It is also possible that water built up in this new depression, which would have been substantial, overtopped it and hit the town from the eastern side, enhancing the effect of the runoff and debris flow from the north-eastern side, an aspect that Petley has not considered. Downstream of Kedarnath, the flow remained contained within the channel. As a result, there was massive erosion of the banks of the Mandakini Further, smaller villages downstream were also severely damaged, and some of them, such as Rambara, were totally destroyed ). The damage caused to the Kedarnath region and downstream villages by the natural destruction resulting from unusual meteorological and geophysical processes was undoubtedly greatly enhanced because of the general environmental degradation caused by the massive and unregulated influx of pilgrims year after year, the haphazard development fuelled by tourist traffic, and the unplanned and poor construction of buildings and roads. Given the vulnerability of the region, the town itself has come up in a very dangerous location, points out Petley. Therefore, how much of the destruction in this event was actually man-made is a moot question. Besides the challenges of disaster management on such a massive scale, the Uttarakhand floods have also thrown up a lot of scientific challenges in the detailed understanding of monsoon dynamics as well as in the geophysical processes of landslides and large-scale debris flow and the heavy damage they can inflict on life, property and the ecology of a region. How to cite Why Kedarnath Happened, Papers

Strategic Business and Organizational Strategy †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Business and Organizational Strategy. Answer: Introduction: Maintenance of the environmental sustainability is a basic element of the business. However, it is crucial for the business firm to be sensitive to the environment as environmental sustainability is a big strategic issue in the recent years (Reyes?Rodrguez et al. 2016). Corporate environmentalism is an essential element for the business firm as it enables the business to gain the customers support in their business. However, environmental policy is a vital area of strategic business management. This assignment deals with the strategic issue regarding the environmental sustainability in the context of 13 Cabs. 13 Cabs is a taxi network of Australia, which provides cab service to the customers. It has approx 7,400 taxis in their service. ABC taxis, Maxi Taxis Apple taxi, Lime taxis and Black cabs are the popular brand of such organization. However, this organization is associated with social work as it provides fund to the charities in Australia. In order to control such strategic issu e, technological approaches are taken by the organizations. However, 13Cabs focuses on the technological communication to increase the awareness about the environmental sustainability in the customer domain regarding their business. Apart from this, they will use the cab that is technologically designed and reduces the emission of the green house gases. Such vehicle emission control technology will be effective for this particular business. Environmental sustainability needs to maintain in the business, as it is important for the organization to comply with the government law. However, in the recent years, environmental sustainability management is a big issue in Australia. Hence, it is crucial to increase the involvement of the business professional in managing the environmental sustainability. The Huge rate of the green house gas emission and consumption of the energy sources leads the population towards the danger. On the other hand, people are more conscious about the environmental sustainability in the current years. The government of every country has announced to cut the emission of carbon dioxide that generates from the vehicle (Naranjo-Gil 2016). Hence, it is a big challenge for the 13Cabs to take strategy to maintain the environmental sustainability to recover such strategic issue. Such organization needs to comply with the government environmental law otherwise, they may be forced to change their operation pr ocess. However, it is important for 13Cabs to keep the environmental sustainability during their business operation. However, if the environmental sustainability breaks then the whole business will be affected as the legal issue arises against the business (Neugebauer et al. 2016). In the context of 13Cabs, incompliance with the environmental law may force them to change their operation process. On the other hand, it also negatively influences the customers, as people are conscious of the environmental issue. As per the statistics light vehicles are the main source of the emission of carbon dioxide. Apart from this transportation of the vehicle involves in generating the greenhouse gas. Apart from the environmental sustainability issue, emerging technology leaves often-negative impact on the service process if the organization fails to utilize it properly. It is important for the cab service organization to access the technology properly to reduce the operational risk (Wieland et al. 2016). However, often the employees fail to cope with the emerging technology; as a result, the operation of the business becomes slower. Therefore, technical issues in the service operation affect the quality of the service in the context of 13Cabs. On the other hand, increased competition is another big issue that affects the profitability of the 13Cabs. In the recent years, many similar industries are operating in the same market segment in Australia, which is the major reason of the huge completion (Sroufe and Joseph 2017). The extreme level of competition in the market affects the brand image of the business. Therefore, often the organization compels to out of the market due to the severe competition. According to the statistics the taxi service network via providing cab has been increasing rapidly rather than other transport service in Australia. This indicates a huge competition in this industry. Cabs has been facing major strategic issues in their business that they need to overcome. For this purpose, strategic objectives should be taken by this organization. The major strategic objectives are: To reduce the green house gas emission by maintaining safe and secure operation To implement training process for the employees to reduce the negative impact of the technology To use better market penetration strategy to gain competitive advantages The above strategic objectives will be beneficial for 13Cabs in order to improve their strategy. Such three strategies will be effective for this organization to maximize their service by maintaining the environmental sustainability and utilizing the modern technology. Analysis of the vital strategies Use of modern transportation technology is the vital strategy for the taxi network service to reduce the emission of harmful gas (Guo et al. 2017). Such modern technology includes mobility management strategy and automotive and fuel technology. In order to meet the climate change, a safe operation via transport technology will be beneficial for 13Cabs. Therefore, providing training to employees will be an effective strategy for the organization to access the modern technology. Apart from this adoption of the low pricing strategy will be helpful for the taxi network service to achieve competitive advantages. Application of this strategy will be beneficial for 13Cabs to survive in the Australian taxi network. From the above strategic analysis, it has been identified that maintenance of the environmental sustainability is a big strategic issue in the context of 13Cabs that needs to be resolved. The transportation system is a major source of the emission of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas (Baller et al. 2016). Hence, for the 13Cabs it is essential to reduce such emission while providing cab service. With the help of modern technology, the engines are designed, which reduces the gas emission. On the other hand, low-speed mode of the car is another process to reduce the carbon emission. Use of such car with an advanced engine will bring opportunity for 13Cabs to maintain their environmental sustainability. For the taxi network service, it is important to establish an environmentally friendly business to mitigate the impact of the service on the environment. For 13Cabs an environmentally friendly service will be effective to develop good practice and gain the customer attention. This organization advertises their environmentally friendly business via the applications through which the customer books the cab. Such environmentally friendly service will make their business unique in the competitive market. Customers will be interested in their service, as they like to take service from an environmentally friendly business. Maintenance of the environmental sustainability helps the business organization to develop the sustainability in the business (Rothaermel 2016). However, 13Cabs will be less dependent on the use of natural resources, which also reduces their operation cost. One of the major threats of safe operation through use of technology is the high cost (Wieland et al. 2016). In order to maintain the environmental sustainability in the business, 13Cabs want to use the advanced engine in their cabs for low gas emission. This may lead them to invest more in the business, which will decrease their profitability in the near future. Implementation of the training program to develop the technical skill of the employees is useful to reduce the negative impact of the changing technology (Baron 2016). This will bring opportunities for 13 Cabs to cope with the changing technology. However, 13Cabs is a taxi network service that provides service through the applications. Hence, it is essential for the staffs of such organization to adopt proper technical skill, as the service is technology oriented. Hence, proper training will enable the staffs to operate the apps properly and to give quick service to the customers. This will bring customer attention and belief for this company, which may increase the customer loyalty. On the other hand, utilization of the modern technology will lead the organization to get a valuable position in the global market (Tong et al. 2017). Therefore, this training program will maximize the efficiency of the employees. However, in the recent years, every organization is trying to cope with em erging technology hence, such strategy will enable 13Cabs to meet the challenges of the emerging technology by developing the skill of the staffs. The training program is an expensive process, which is the big drawback of such strategy (Rose and Hensher 2014). On the other hand, employee engagement is required for the training program. However, often the employees deny taking part in the training program. Hence, less interest of the employees and high cost will be the big threats of the training program. Huge competition is a big strategic issue of the organization hence, it is important to get competitive advantages in the global market (Peppard and Ward 2016). Low pricing strategy is a good market penetration strategy that enables an organization to increase their sales. However, in the context of 13Cabs use of low pricing strategy for their service will enable them to achieve competitive advantages in the Australian market. Hence, this strategy will enable such organization to get more customers as the customer wants good quality service with low price. On the other hand, such strategy will reduce the competition for such organization. On the other hand, to cope with the huge competition in the market low pricing strategy opens a new for 13Cabs. It will enhance their service demand in the customer domain in comparison to other taxi network services. Low pricing strategy retains the existing customers and brings new customers for a business. 13Cabs will get customers from different parts of Australia by implementing this strategy in their organization. One of the major threats of the low pricing strategy is the decrease in the profitability (Tham 2016). Providing discount and low price for everyday service will affect the profitability margin. On the other hand, questions arise in the customer's mind due to the low price of the service while they compare this service with other services. Factors influencing implementation of the strategic responses Emerging global awareness is a big factor that insists the organization to implement the environmental sustainability strategy (Tan et al. 2015). However, people are more conscious about the environmental protection, which insists 13Cabs to maintain the environmental sustainability. Hence, by using the modern technology such organization will be able to establish the environmentally friendly business. Thus, technology is another factor that will help this organization to implement such strategy. On the other hand, organizational culture is another factor that encourages 13Cabs to take initiatives to develop an environmentally friendly strategy. Adoption of the new technology by the different industries in the global market influences 13 Cabs to provide training to the employees to improve their technical skill. Rapid change in the technology is another factor that influences the taxi network industry to develop new features in their application. This leads them to implement the training program in their organization (Tong et al. 2017). Apart from this expansion of the business in the international market is a vital factor that influences the 13Cabs to adopt a competitive strategy for their organization. It is very common for the consumers to take low price service. Hence, the need of the current market is a crucial factor to implement low pricing strategy. However, such implementation often decreases the number of premium consumers, as they prefer high-quality service with the high price (Wieland et al. 2016). Recommendations Compliance with the environmental law of Australian government will be helpful for the taxi service network to minimize the environmental issues. In the context of 13Cabs, this organization should comply with the principles of Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. This is the national environment law of Australia. Development of the sustainability indicators in 13Cabs will be beneficial for them to make their business environmentally friendly. Identification of the new features in the service will be effective for 13 Cabs to be flexible with the changing technology. However, this can be helpful for such organization to use the advanced technology in their service to improve their business. Adoption of disruptive innovation strategy will be helpful for this organization, as it will allow such organization to innovate faster than the need of the consumers. This can make a safe position for 13Cabs in the competitive market. Conclusion The entire piece of the current work is associated with the strategic issues and the solutions in the context of 13Cabs. 13 Cabs is an Australian taxi network service that has been facing various strategic issues. Environmental sustainability issue, emerging technology issues, and huge competition are the major strategic issues of such organization. In order to minimize such issues, this company will implement the training program, use of the technologically advanced engine to reduce emission and low pricing strategy. Therefore, such strategies have both positive and negative impact on the service of such company. 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