The Theodosian Code - Laws of the Middle Ages

The Theodosian Code (in Latin, Codex Theodosianus) was a compilation of Roman Law authorized by Eastern Roman Emperor Theodosius II in the fifth century. The code was intended to streamline and organize the complicated body of imperial laws promulgated since the reign of Emperor Constantine in 312 C.E., but it included laws from much further back, as well. The code was formally begun on March 26, 429, and it was introduced on February 15, 438. Codex Gregorianus and Codex Hermogenianus In large part, the Theodosian Code was based on two previous compilations: the Codex Gregorianus (the Gregorian Code) and the Codex Hermogenianus (the Hermogenian Code). The Gregorian Code had been compiled by the Roman jurist Gregorius earlier in the fifth century and contained laws from Emperor Hadrian, who reigned from 117 to 138 C.E., down to those of Emperor Constantine. The Hermogenian Code The Hermogenian Code had been written by Hermogenes, another fifth-century jurist, to supplement the Gregorian Code, and it focused primarily on the laws of the emperors Diocletian (284–305) and Maximian (285–305). Future law codes would, in turn, be based on the Theodosian Code, most notably the Corpus Juris Civilis of Justinian. While Justinians code would be the core of Byzantine law for centuries to come, it wasnt until the 12th century that it began to have an impact on western European law. In the intervening centuries, it was the Theodosian Code that would be the most authoritative form of Roman law in western Europe. The publication of the Theodosian Code and its rapid acceptance and persistence in the west demonstrates the continuity of Roman law from the ancient era into the Middle Ages. The Foundation of Intolerance in Christendom The Theodosian Code is particularly significant in the history of the Christian religion. Not only does the code include among its contents a law that made Christianity the official religion of the Empire, but it also included one that made all other religions illegal. While clearly more than a single law or even a single legal subject, the Theodosian Code is most famous for this aspect of its contents and is frequently pointed to as the foundation of intolerance in Christendom. Also Known As: Codex Theodosianus in LatinCommon Misspellings: Theodosion CodeExamples: A great many earlier laws are contained in the compilation known as the Theodosian Code.

Quebec’s proposed Charter of Value exists to certify the...

Quebec’s proposed Charter of Value exists to certify the rights and values of its society, while attempting to unify its population in an unprecedented way; a way that excels our current society and precedent. Although it may at first glance convey the impression of an innocent law, in my opinion, it is actually a nonsensical charter. This nonsense is expressed in the fact that prohibition would be imposed on religious clothing such as hijabs, kippas, turbans and larger than average crucifixes for public employees. As a result, the inherent freedom that dwells the Quebec would be impeded, and therefore create incessant frustrations. Moreover, the damage caused by the law thoroughly overshadows the seemingly existent beneficial part. While†¦show more content†¦Violence against veiled women has been increased; there are scenes where brutality against veiled women has been witnessed. Ultimately, the proposed charter is a malicious law that does not harmonize with Quebec. Countless individuals are voicing their honest thoughts on this matter. As a Canadian-Muslim woman, I proudly wear my hijab, a choice that is completely my own and not influenced by others. Wearing my hijab does not cause any physical or psychological harm to anyone so than why should I be forced to remove it, if I want a good job working in Quebec? Have we really become so intolerant and insecure of ourselves that even the sight of a religious symbol has become unbearable and strikes fear in our society? The proposed charter is an infringement on my basic rights as a human. What I choose to wear is my personal choice; a freedom I thought I had as a Canadian citizen by birth. -Hagirah Farooq, student, Longueuil, Que. This individual sums up the main point; she demonstrates frustration at the absurdity of the Charter, as she feels the infringement of her basic rights as a human. Jeremy Bentham, the founder of the moral philosophy known as Utilitarianism, would state his displeasure on this law, as it is the exact contrary of his philosophy. This law, although not intended, maximizes displeasures rather than happiness; something that goes without saying, unsuccessful in society. While this charter has, from my perception,Show MoreRelatedThe Knowledge Of Knowledge And Knowledge Essay1450 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is knowledge? Some would say that it is simply â€Å"to know,† but it is much deeper than that. The philosophers of knowledge have developed arguments about the different terms used to explain the term â€Å"knowledge.† As apparent with philosophers, each philosopher has his or her thought about the idea of knowledge where they either agree with some of their fellow philosophers, or criticize their ideas. 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Why Kedarnath Happened Free Essays

string(67) " in mind that the geology is still roughly the same \(Picture 3\)\." A scientific analysis of the reasons for the disaster that struck Uttarakhand, particularly the temple town. THE primary trigger for the Uttarakhand disaster following the very heavy rain during June 16-18 was the extremely unusual behaviour of the monsoon this year over north India. The incessant, heavy rainfall over three days, perhaps accompanied by a few cloudburst-type events (which cannot be confirmed), resulted in flash floods and associated landslides. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Kedarnath Happened or any similar topic only for you Order Now The devastation all round in their wake has been huge but the largest impact has been at the temple town of Kedarnath, which was in the midst of the annual pilgrimage season, with tens of thousands of people thronging the town and the downstream region along the Mandakini river . 1). Rainfall measurements for June 16 and 17 at the Dehradun station, of 220 millimetres and 370 mm respectively, indicate the severity of the rain during these days in the region. Haridwar received 107 mm and 218 mm of rainfall on the two days. Uttarkashi received 122 mm and 207 mm. While Mukteshwar (altitude over 2,000 metres) received 237 mm and 183 mm respectively on June 17 and 18, Nainital on the same days received 176 mm and 170 mm. Though rainfall over a 24-hour period in different parts of Uttarakhand has greatly exceeded these figures in the past (on many occasions above 450-500 mm and once even 900 mm at Rajpur near Dehradun), prolonged heavy rainfall for nearly three days over a large area is perhaps unprecedented, and the cumulative effect, compounded by geophysical, meteorological and environmental factors, may be the reason for the enormity of the disaster. More pertinently, these numbers do not give the actual quantitative picture of the very heavy rainfall in the higher reaches of the Himalayas (above 3,000 m) in Uttarakhand, where Kedarnath, Gangotri and Badrinath are located and where the impact has been most severe. This is because the rain gauge stations of the India Meteorological Department (IMD) are all located largely in the lower Himalayan reaches (below 2,000 m) and there are no stations in the higher reaches (above 3000 m). This is probably because snowfall data is regarded as more important than detailed rainfall data in these regions. As a result, there is no proper estimate of the rainfall in the affected regions. Unexpected advance What was peculiar about the monsoon this year? On June 14, the monsoon front was located over eastern India. In fact it was a trifle sluggish compared with the normal progress of the front (Map 1a). But within a day (Map 1b), the front advanced right across Uttar Pradesh and the western regions to cover the entire country by June 15, exactly a month ahead of its normal date of July 15. While the IMD had forecast a rapid advance with the announcement that the monsoon would strike Delhi before the normal scheduled date of June 30, its advance right across to the west just within a day was entirely unexpected. This has never happened in the past, according to M. Rajeevan, Adviser in the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES). A system of westerly winds from the Arabian Sea had also been active during the same period and had covered Pakistan. It was a strong westerly system, and Rajeevan noted that it was similar to the system that stayed anchored over Pakistan in July 2010 and caused widespread flooding in Sindh, Punjab and Baluchistan. Of course, by July 2010 the south-west monsoon had covered entire India, but this time around the system had formed in June itself. It was the interaction between the well-formed low-pressure system of the south-west monsoon from east to west and the upper air westerly trough running from north-west Rajasthan to the east that resulted in the heavy rainfall over Uttarakhand. In fact, the westerly system dragged the monsoon trough, which was anchored over Rajasthan and central India until then, towards the north across Haryana. A monsoon trough facilitates the movement of rainfall-causing low-pressure systems along its path. Its rapid movement northwards enabled the low-pressure system that was in the eastern part of the country to quickly traverse and locate itself over north-west India. According to Rajeevan, while the phenomenon of the monsoon trough being dragged northwards by the advancing strong westerly trough is known to occur, the exact dynamics of interaction between the two systems is not well studied. Thus, as the press release of June 20 of the IMD noted, â€Å"North-west India became the zone of an unusual confluence of the two branches of the monsoon—the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch. The geology and orography of [the Himalayan regions] of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh resulted in the unprecedented impact in these two States. † While the IMD had issued warnings of widespread severe rainfall in the region soon after the observation of the advancing monsoon systems, the scale of impact could not be anticipated. Geophysical dynamics The peculiarity of the monsoon apart, the other interesting question is what geophysical dynamics channelled the major part of devastation along the Kedarnath valley and downstream of Kedarnath on the Mandakini. The region around Kedarnath is known to geologists to be prone to landslides. This is also clear from an early 1882 Geological Survey of India photograph of Kedarnath (Picture 2), which shows that the temple site is located not far away from the snouts of two mountain glaciers. David Petley, an expert on landslides at the Department of Geography at Durham University, United Kingdom, has analysed the calamitous event at Kedarnath on the basis of images from the remote-sensing satellites of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the U. S. Landsat. He points out that the amount of debris and rubble below the glacier on the left side of the 1882 picture suggests that transportation of sediment and debris from the upper reaches was active even then, and adds that the steep slope that is visible would have aided rapid transportation. It should be borne in mind that the geology is still roughly the same (Picture 3). You read "Why Kedarnath Happened" in category "Papers" It is evident from the post-event images of Kedarnath town around the temple that the massive destruction was the result of largescale debris carried by the huge volume of water from the upper reaches above the town. One of the compounding factors was that the glacial regions above Kedarnath had received fresh and excess snowfall when heavy rainfall hit the region (Pictures 4a b), according to scientists of the National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) of ISRO. Rainwater, with higher temperature, falling on the snow must have led to heavy snow melt and this runoff would have added to the rainwater runoff, resulting in a huge water flow that carried with it a huge debris flow, which struck the town with enormous ferocity. The snow cover has, in fact, increased in general subsequent to the extreme rainfall and flooding events (the satellite image on May 28/June 1 shows less snow cover). According to the NRSC scientists, the detailed dynamics of water flow due to snow melt caused by rain, particularly when snowfall is in excess, and the hydrology of it are not well understood. The NRSC recently released excellent high-resolution pre-flood and post-flood images of the Kedarnath region (Pictures 5a 5b) taken by ISRO’s remote-sensing satellites Cartosat-2A and Resourcesat-2. The NRSC, on the basis of remote-sensing images from Resourcesat-2, has carried out an inventory of the landslides that occurred between Kedarnath and Sonprayag, a distance of approximately 20 km on the Mandakini. According to the preliminary report, the study identified a total of 192 landslides in this Himalayan stretch (Picture 6). Many landslides were triggered in the glacial regions in the mountains above Kedarnath. The large-scale debris flows from above were the result of these massive landslides. Double whammy Actually, for Kedarnath it was a double whammy. The massive damage caused to Kedarnath town can be seen clearly in the post-flood image. Just as there was an unusual confluence of two monsoon streams up in the atmosphere, in the mountainous terrain around Kedarnath, too, there was a coincidental reinforcing of two massive debris flows from above, one from the north-western side of the Kedarnath temple and the other from the north-eastern side. Petley has analysed these images to arrive at a plausible scenario as to what caused the massive onslaught on the town, virtually flattening it. This flow cascaded further and caused heavy damage downstream as well. The NRSC scientists, too, in their analysis, have come roughly to the same general conclusion. According to Petley, the two different but reinforcing events that caused the disaster were landslide-induced debris that came from the glaciated area in the north-east and a glacial-related flow that originated from the north-west glacier. From the images, one can distinctly identify the two flows. Petley, from his analysis of the images, the-cause -of-the-debris-flow-disaster-is-now -clear/), has inferred the following: 1. The flow from the north-east came down the margin of the glacier and spread out to strike the town. 2. The north-west flow descended from the other glacier to hit the town. 3. While a large part of the flow from the north-west passed the town on its west side, a part also struck it directly. On the basis of the pattern of overlay of sediments and their nature, Petley concludes that the flow from the north-west occurred after the one from the north-east. According to him, the debris flow from the north-east was triggered by a large, 75 m wide, landslide caused by heavy rainfall high on the mountains, which then came down the steep slope about 500 m, gathering the debris in its path. The flow was initially channelled into a narrow gully formed by the glacier and on exiting it the flow spread out in the floodplains before striking the town over a large area. The steepness of the slope would have given the debris enormous velocity when it struck the town. The total length traversed by this debris flow is estimated to be about 1,200 m. The event from the north-west was, however, quite different, points out Petley. The spot marked 1 in Picture 7 is a moraine, which had created a block for a basin to form, allowing the water to build up in it as a pool or a lake. This is what the local people call the Chorabari Tal, to which, in fact, pilgrims trek a few kilometres along the west side of the valley to have a dip. The Chorabari glacier has been retreating constantly in modern times, and according to D. P. Dobhal of the Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, it has retreated about 300 m since 1960. The effect of the retreat is to leave a moraine that can allow lakes to form, which can then collapse,† pointed out Petley in an e-mail message to Frontline. â€Å"In Kedarnath, this is exactly what happened. I am not sure when the lake basin formed—it may not have been in modern times—but this is a dangerous situation. Of equal concern is the trend towards more intense rainfall, especially if this occurs early in the year (that is, during snowmelt),† Petley added. Wall of water Eyewitness accounts say a huge wall of water swept the Kedarnath town in a flash. The spot marked 2 shows that the moraine had been breached by the rapidly building up water because of heavy rainfall and the water overtopping the moraine wall. The breach led to the sudden release of the impounded water and resulted in a massive wall of water sweeping across the Kedarnath valley and the town and causing a huge flash flood. According to the NRSC scientists, this lake would have had a depth of about 15 m, and the event was not exactly a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF), which occurs when a dam or moraine wall is breached because of the sheer pressure exerted by the stagnant glacial water and ice that it encloses. This was a case of lake flooding because of excessive rainfall and consequent overtopping of the moraine wall, which eventually breached. The flow was so huge and forceful that it overtopped the moraine on the other side of the glacier as well, at the spot marked 3, resulting in three flows: one moving south-east to join the earlier debris flow from the north-east and enhancing it before turning southwards and striking the town. The third flow is a new channel that opened up, perhaps exploiting an existing old channel, because of the breach at spot 3. Heading down the slope towards the town at great velocity, it gathered sediment and debris en route and resulted in a muchwidened flow closer to Kedarnath. However, the bulk of the debris flow, as Picture 7 shows, moved southwards towards the town down the main channel on the south western side, which is the normal channel for glacial water flow. The spot marked 4 shows heavy erosion due to the flow in the area, suggesting that the flow must have carried a huge volume of water. According to Petley, this flow must have carried the many huge boulders and rocks seen in the post-flood image of the temple town. Closer to the town, the flow spread before striking. As a result, the debris and water flow moved to the east side of the town as well, engulfing the town from both sides. According to this picture supplied by Petley, which others too are in general agreement with, Kedarnath was first pounded by an earlier debris flow from the north-east, then a later pounding by the flow from the north-west. Petley suggests that the latter flow must have been more efficient because of the preceding events and also because it struck the town from both the west and the east simultaneously. The image also shows a dark patch just above Kedarnath on the north-eastern side (to the right of the spot marked 5) suggesting the formation of a new depression, which could have turned into a small-sized lake because of the heavy rainfall. It is also possible that water built up in this new depression, which would have been substantial, overtopped it and hit the town from the eastern side, enhancing the effect of the runoff and debris flow from the north-eastern side, an aspect that Petley has not considered. Downstream of Kedarnath, the flow remained contained within the channel. As a result, there was massive erosion of the banks of the Mandakini Further, smaller villages downstream were also severely damaged, and some of them, such as Rambara, were totally destroyed ). The damage caused to the Kedarnath region and downstream villages by the natural destruction resulting from unusual meteorological and geophysical processes was undoubtedly greatly enhanced because of the general environmental degradation caused by the massive and unregulated influx of pilgrims year after year, the haphazard development fuelled by tourist traffic, and the unplanned and poor construction of buildings and roads. Given the vulnerability of the region, the town itself has come up in a very dangerous location, points out Petley. Therefore, how much of the destruction in this event was actually man-made is a moot question. Besides the challenges of disaster management on such a massive scale, the Uttarakhand floods have also thrown up a lot of scientific challenges in the detailed understanding of monsoon dynamics as well as in the geophysical processes of landslides and large-scale debris flow and the heavy damage they can inflict on life, property and the ecology of a region. How to cite Why Kedarnath Happened, Papers

Strategic Business and Organizational Strategy †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Business and Organizational Strategy. Answer: Introduction: Maintenance of the environmental sustainability is a basic element of the business. However, it is crucial for the business firm to be sensitive to the environment as environmental sustainability is a big strategic issue in the recent years (Reyes?Rodrguez et al. 2016). Corporate environmentalism is an essential element for the business firm as it enables the business to gain the customers support in their business. However, environmental policy is a vital area of strategic business management. This assignment deals with the strategic issue regarding the environmental sustainability in the context of 13 Cabs. 13 Cabs is a taxi network of Australia, which provides cab service to the customers. It has approx 7,400 taxis in their service. ABC taxis, Maxi Taxis Apple taxi, Lime taxis and Black cabs are the popular brand of such organization. However, this organization is associated with social work as it provides fund to the charities in Australia. In order to control such strategic issu e, technological approaches are taken by the organizations. However, 13Cabs focuses on the technological communication to increase the awareness about the environmental sustainability in the customer domain regarding their business. Apart from this, they will use the cab that is technologically designed and reduces the emission of the green house gases. Such vehicle emission control technology will be effective for this particular business. Environmental sustainability needs to maintain in the business, as it is important for the organization to comply with the government law. However, in the recent years, environmental sustainability management is a big issue in Australia. Hence, it is crucial to increase the involvement of the business professional in managing the environmental sustainability. The Huge rate of the green house gas emission and consumption of the energy sources leads the population towards the danger. On the other hand, people are more conscious about the environmental sustainability in the current years. The government of every country has announced to cut the emission of carbon dioxide that generates from the vehicle (Naranjo-Gil 2016). Hence, it is a big challenge for the 13Cabs to take strategy to maintain the environmental sustainability to recover such strategic issue. Such organization needs to comply with the government environmental law otherwise, they may be forced to change their operation pr ocess. However, it is important for 13Cabs to keep the environmental sustainability during their business operation. However, if the environmental sustainability breaks then the whole business will be affected as the legal issue arises against the business (Neugebauer et al. 2016). In the context of 13Cabs, incompliance with the environmental law may force them to change their operation process. On the other hand, it also negatively influences the customers, as people are conscious of the environmental issue. As per the statistics light vehicles are the main source of the emission of carbon dioxide. Apart from this transportation of the vehicle involves in generating the greenhouse gas. Apart from the environmental sustainability issue, emerging technology leaves often-negative impact on the service process if the organization fails to utilize it properly. It is important for the cab service organization to access the technology properly to reduce the operational risk (Wieland et al. 2016). However, often the employees fail to cope with the emerging technology; as a result, the operation of the business becomes slower. Therefore, technical issues in the service operation affect the quality of the service in the context of 13Cabs. On the other hand, increased competition is another big issue that affects the profitability of the 13Cabs. In the recent years, many similar industries are operating in the same market segment in Australia, which is the major reason of the huge completion (Sroufe and Joseph 2017). The extreme level of competition in the market affects the brand image of the business. Therefore, often the organization compels to out of the market due to the severe competition. According to the statistics the taxi service network via providing cab has been increasing rapidly rather than other transport service in Australia. This indicates a huge competition in this industry. Cabs has been facing major strategic issues in their business that they need to overcome. For this purpose, strategic objectives should be taken by this organization. The major strategic objectives are: To reduce the green house gas emission by maintaining safe and secure operation To implement training process for the employees to reduce the negative impact of the technology To use better market penetration strategy to gain competitive advantages The above strategic objectives will be beneficial for 13Cabs in order to improve their strategy. Such three strategies will be effective for this organization to maximize their service by maintaining the environmental sustainability and utilizing the modern technology. Analysis of the vital strategies Use of modern transportation technology is the vital strategy for the taxi network service to reduce the emission of harmful gas (Guo et al. 2017). Such modern technology includes mobility management strategy and automotive and fuel technology. In order to meet the climate change, a safe operation via transport technology will be beneficial for 13Cabs. Therefore, providing training to employees will be an effective strategy for the organization to access the modern technology. Apart from this adoption of the low pricing strategy will be helpful for the taxi network service to achieve competitive advantages. Application of this strategy will be beneficial for 13Cabs to survive in the Australian taxi network. From the above strategic analysis, it has been identified that maintenance of the environmental sustainability is a big strategic issue in the context of 13Cabs that needs to be resolved. The transportation system is a major source of the emission of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas (Baller et al. 2016). Hence, for the 13Cabs it is essential to reduce such emission while providing cab service. With the help of modern technology, the engines are designed, which reduces the gas emission. On the other hand, low-speed mode of the car is another process to reduce the carbon emission. Use of such car with an advanced engine will bring opportunity for 13Cabs to maintain their environmental sustainability. For the taxi network service, it is important to establish an environmentally friendly business to mitigate the impact of the service on the environment. For 13Cabs an environmentally friendly service will be effective to develop good practice and gain the customer attention. This organization advertises their environmentally friendly business via the applications through which the customer books the cab. Such environmentally friendly service will make their business unique in the competitive market. Customers will be interested in their service, as they like to take service from an environmentally friendly business. Maintenance of the environmental sustainability helps the business organization to develop the sustainability in the business (Rothaermel 2016). However, 13Cabs will be less dependent on the use of natural resources, which also reduces their operation cost. One of the major threats of safe operation through use of technology is the high cost (Wieland et al. 2016). In order to maintain the environmental sustainability in the business, 13Cabs want to use the advanced engine in their cabs for low gas emission. This may lead them to invest more in the business, which will decrease their profitability in the near future. Implementation of the training program to develop the technical skill of the employees is useful to reduce the negative impact of the changing technology (Baron 2016). This will bring opportunities for 13 Cabs to cope with the changing technology. However, 13Cabs is a taxi network service that provides service through the applications. Hence, it is essential for the staffs of such organization to adopt proper technical skill, as the service is technology oriented. Hence, proper training will enable the staffs to operate the apps properly and to give quick service to the customers. This will bring customer attention and belief for this company, which may increase the customer loyalty. On the other hand, utilization of the modern technology will lead the organization to get a valuable position in the global market (Tong et al. 2017). Therefore, this training program will maximize the efficiency of the employees. However, in the recent years, every organization is trying to cope with em erging technology hence, such strategy will enable 13Cabs to meet the challenges of the emerging technology by developing the skill of the staffs. The training program is an expensive process, which is the big drawback of such strategy (Rose and Hensher 2014). On the other hand, employee engagement is required for the training program. However, often the employees deny taking part in the training program. Hence, less interest of the employees and high cost will be the big threats of the training program. Huge competition is a big strategic issue of the organization hence, it is important to get competitive advantages in the global market (Peppard and Ward 2016). Low pricing strategy is a good market penetration strategy that enables an organization to increase their sales. However, in the context of 13Cabs use of low pricing strategy for their service will enable them to achieve competitive advantages in the Australian market. Hence, this strategy will enable such organization to get more customers as the customer wants good quality service with low price. On the other hand, such strategy will reduce the competition for such organization. On the other hand, to cope with the huge competition in the market low pricing strategy opens a new for 13Cabs. It will enhance their service demand in the customer domain in comparison to other taxi network services. Low pricing strategy retains the existing customers and brings new customers for a business. 13Cabs will get customers from different parts of Australia by implementing this strategy in their organization. One of the major threats of the low pricing strategy is the decrease in the profitability (Tham 2016). Providing discount and low price for everyday service will affect the profitability margin. On the other hand, questions arise in the customer's mind due to the low price of the service while they compare this service with other services. Factors influencing implementation of the strategic responses Emerging global awareness is a big factor that insists the organization to implement the environmental sustainability strategy (Tan et al. 2015). However, people are more conscious about the environmental protection, which insists 13Cabs to maintain the environmental sustainability. Hence, by using the modern technology such organization will be able to establish the environmentally friendly business. Thus, technology is another factor that will help this organization to implement such strategy. On the other hand, organizational culture is another factor that encourages 13Cabs to take initiatives to develop an environmentally friendly strategy. Adoption of the new technology by the different industries in the global market influences 13 Cabs to provide training to the employees to improve their technical skill. Rapid change in the technology is another factor that influences the taxi network industry to develop new features in their application. This leads them to implement the training program in their organization (Tong et al. 2017). Apart from this expansion of the business in the international market is a vital factor that influences the 13Cabs to adopt a competitive strategy for their organization. It is very common for the consumers to take low price service. Hence, the need of the current market is a crucial factor to implement low pricing strategy. However, such implementation often decreases the number of premium consumers, as they prefer high-quality service with the high price (Wieland et al. 2016). Recommendations Compliance with the environmental law of Australian government will be helpful for the taxi service network to minimize the environmental issues. In the context of 13Cabs, this organization should comply with the principles of Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. This is the national environment law of Australia. Development of the sustainability indicators in 13Cabs will be beneficial for them to make their business environmentally friendly. Identification of the new features in the service will be effective for 13 Cabs to be flexible with the changing technology. However, this can be helpful for such organization to use the advanced technology in their service to improve their business. Adoption of disruptive innovation strategy will be helpful for this organization, as it will allow such organization to innovate faster than the need of the consumers. This can make a safe position for 13Cabs in the competitive market. Conclusion The entire piece of the current work is associated with the strategic issues and the solutions in the context of 13Cabs. 13 Cabs is an Australian taxi network service that has been facing various strategic issues. Environmental sustainability issue, emerging technology issues, and huge competition are the major strategic issues of such organization. In order to minimize such issues, this company will implement the training program, use of the technologically advanced engine to reduce emission and low pricing strategy. Therefore, such strategies have both positive and negative impact on the service of such company. Global awareness, adoption of emerging technology and the market penetration in the global industry are the potential factors that influence 13Cabs to implement such strategy. References Baller, S., Dutta, S. and Lanvin, B., 2016. The global information technology report 2016. InWorld Economic Forum, Geneva(pp. 1-307). Baron, D.P., 2016. Strategy beyond markets: A step back and a look forward. InStrategy beyond markets(pp. 1-54). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Denrell, J. and Powell, T., 2016. Dynamic Capability as a Theory of Competitive Advantage: Contributions and Scope Conditions. Guo, H., Su, Z. and Ahlstrom, D., 2016. Business model innovation: The effects of exploratory orientation, opportunity recognition, and entrepreneurial bricolage in an emerging economy.Asia Pacific Journal of Management,33(2), pp.533-549. Naranjo-Gil, D., 2016. The role of management control systems and top teams in implementing environmental sustainability policies.Sustainability,8(4), p.359. Neugebauer, F., Figge, F. and Hahn, T., 2016. Planned or emergent strategy making? Exploring the formation of corporate sustainability strategies. Business strategy and the environment, 25(5), pp.323-336. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016.The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Reyes?Rodrguez, J.F., Ulhi, J.P. and Madsen, H., 2016. Corporate environmental sustainability in Danish SMEs: A longitudinal study of motivators, initiatives, and strategic effects.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,23(4), pp.193-212. Rose, J.M. and Hensher, D.A., 2014. Demand for taxi services: new elasticity evidence.Transportation,41(4), pp.717-743. Rothaermel, F.T., 2016. Competitive Advantage in Technology Intensive Industries. InTechnological Innovation: Generating Economic Results(pp. 233-256). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Sroufe, R. and Joseph, S. eds., 2017.Strategic sustainability: the state of the art in corporate environmental management systems. Routledge. Tan, F.T.C., Tan, B. and Land, L., 2015, January. The affordance of gamification in enabling a digital disruptor: a case study of the goCatch taxi booking app. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 1197-1206). IEEE. Tham, A., 2016. When Harry met Sally: different approaches towards Uber and AirBnBan Australian and Singapore perspective.Information Technology Tourism,16(4), pp.393-412. Tong, Y., Chen, Y., Zhou, Z., Chen, L., Wang, J., Yang, Q., Ye, J. and Lv, W., 2017, August. The Simpler The Better: A Unified Approach to Predicting Original Taxi Demands based on Large-Scale Online Platforms. InProceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining(pp. 1653-1662). ACM. Wieland, H., Hartmann, N.N. and Vargo, S.L., 2017. Business models as service strategy.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, pp.1-19.

The church and the ideals of that time Essay Example For Students

The church and the ideals of that time Essay In the wife of bath prologue the wife of Bath has many new ideas of marriage; these ideas mostly are looked down on upon by the church and the ideals of that time. Her ideas are rebellious and reflect a more modern prospective focused on the woman having a more profound voice in decisions. She goes against many of the churches ideas by believing that virginity is not required and she doesnt accept the doctrine that a widow or a widower must not marry again. She has no will to emulate the lives of priests and saints. However she admits that chastity is the most ideal way to follow but it is not her ideal. These are some of her ideas on marriage that were very questionable by the people of her time. Independence was the central reason for most of the marital conflicts she had. The wife of bath was a very independent woman; this caused wealth and property to become a major factor in her choice of who to marry, because she wanted to be able to get by on her own even if she had to do it with her husbands money. We will write a custom essay on The church and the ideals of that time specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Her first three husbands were called the rich and old were married each for his land and his treasure then discarded as the she looked for other prospects. When one of these husbands tried to restrict the wifes spending she refused to let him be both master of my body and of my good so refuses sexual favors in return for her freedom as she will not become a possession. She generalizes that women love no man that take or keep charge suggesting an element of her independence. The idea of a woman becoming more independent is a step in the right direction in finding the perfect equilibrium for marriage. But having her marry only for wealth is not the way to accomplish her goal of achieving independence because if she marries only for money she is the one being dependant on her husbands money. The wife of bath also touches upon a very sensitive subject at the time which was sex and virginity. The women at this time were very reserved and did not talk about there sex lives much. The wife of bath however was very open with the subject by frequently using sayings like chamber of Venus. She did not only talk about sex she even used it to control her husbands by refusing them favors in order for them to appreciate her more. She refers to sex as necessary for human procreation due to the low population from the plague. She goes against the idea of virginity by arguing that sexual organs were not only made to purge urine or comically to know a female from a male. She concludes that sex within marriage is acceptable and in wifehood she will use her instrument as freely as the Maker hath it sent. She tries to establish married women to be as important as virgins for, she argues, where would the next generation of virgins come from? This offers us wisdom not to regard sex as a bad and frowned upon activity but a good thing in marriage. The aspects of marriage portrayed in the Wife of Baths prologue feature heavily around sexual pleasure and wealth. Her description shows the struggle for power causes conflict, occasional violence and abuse; all the while she is justifying her lifestyle and fighting for female equality. Despite love, or trust as deceit and affairs that seem to be commonplace the Wife of Baths description of married life is very much a comical one, which she does seem to enjoy especially because she achieves fulfillment. These aspects can offer some wisdom in her prospective to find the perfect relationship. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Geoffrey Chaucer section.

Free Essays on Shyness

and mispronouncing them during a presentation to get over a fear of rejection or standing in a mall and asking numerous people over the course of an hour what time it is to l... Free Essays on Shyness Free Essays on Shyness What is Shyness? Shyness is a paralyzing handicap of the mind. It is responsible for many of the difficulties we face in daily life, particularly those who ore involving relationships with other people. Shyness makes it difficult to meet new people, make friends, and enjoy each manner of activities. Shyness acts on the subconsciousness, causing people to consider how they feel, and look to others. They wonder what another person will think if they do this. Shyness prevents people from expressing themselves. Their mind is not free to analyze what they should say. It leaves them no time to consider other people. A person misses out on what is happening in a gathering, and then heshe could not concentrate enough to follow. Shyness makes it difficult for a person to communicate, which prevents other people to know him or her. A person is incapable to make friends or have an intimate relationship, which causes loneliness and anxiety. These things contribute to give a person a fear of intimate contact with other people, but they can be overcome. Studies in shyness had found that there is apparently more shyness among children than adults. These could, however, be because adults learn to overcome, compensate for, or cater to shyness by adopting a particular lifestyle that will hide their loneliness and anxiety. Men and women appear to suffer from shyness in about equal numbers. Not all shy people are shy form early ages. Surroundings, teenage situation, type of school, relocation to insecure and friendly neighborhood can lead to the development of shyness. Some remarkable people ha confessed that they had been shy and they had overcome it or living with it. Shyness affects the part of the brain that enables most us to look at and analyze each situation rationally. These cause shy people to be nervous and anxious around people or in certain places or when performing certain everyday actions. Many shy people suffer anxiety in any sit... Free Essays on Shyness 10 Simple Solutions to Shyness written by Martin M. Antony, Ph.D., was the self help book reviewed. This book gave basic tips on how to overcome shyness, social anxiety, and fear of public speaking. This book was very specific in the topics covered and solutions on how to overcome them. Dr. Antony (2004) believes the most common issues that lead to the aforementioned problems are that people feel the need to be perfectionists, we are afraid of being rejected by others, genetics and chemicals (neurotransmitters) secreted by the brain can be a contributing cause, and also that these behaviors can be learned because of teasing or the high social standards held by those that are close to us. Avoidance behaviors are usually incorporated into our lives because of the feeling of anxiety and the contributing causes. Some avoidance behaviors are not very harmful, but these behaviors don’t allow the person with anxiety to learn and experience how to properly handle the feared situation. However, people with extreme social anxiety tend to integrate so many avoidance behaviors in their lives that it becomes a problem to function normally in society. Dr. Antony suggests that for people with extreme cases to seek out professional help from a qualified individual. For people with minor cases of anxiety and shyness, usually revolving around one particular situation, there are two components that can be used by themselves or interchangeably to getting help and the needed skills to cope. One alternative is to use medications approved for anxiety disorders. Another suggestion is to face your fear and allow yourself some moderate immersion in the situation. He recommends that you intentionally put yourself into the feared situation, whether it be stumbling over a few words and mispronouncing them during a presentation to get over a fear of rejection or standing in a mall and asking numerous people over the course of an hour what time it is to l... Free Essays on Shyness Childhood Shyness and Children's Literature By: Shannon Levy Understanding the Distress of Children Who Suffer from Shyness Almost everyone has felt shy at some point in his or her life. Feeling uncomfortable or anxious in a new social setting is not uncommon or something to be overly concerned about; however, there are many people whose lives suffer because of their shyness. Shyness can have many harmful effects on a person’s emotional and social well being (Bruch, 1999). Even though research on shyness has mainly focused on adults, shyness can be just as difficult, if not more difficult, for children. Because social and emotional development are so important during the school years as children are meeting and interacting with their peers, we see it as very important for teachers to be in tune with these types of developmental needs. Children’s literature is a great way to bring up and discuss emotional and social issues. We found some wonderful children’s books that teachers can use in the classroom to discuss shyness, h ow it affects people, and how to make others feel better who are shy. If you have ever known a truly shy child, you probably know how difficult being shy can be for that child. It can be very painful to see a shy child â€Å"desperately wanting to be accepted by other children yet not knowing what to do to gain their approval, or else too frightened to take the risk of trying to reach out to them† (Zimbardo, 1981, p. 4). A women expresses difficulty with having been a shy child: Growing up is painful at best, but excruciating for the shy. When others could not understand the reason for my lack of zest for life, I knew all along that my shyness was the real problem. I was terribly envious of anyone who seemed comfortable with people. Anyone who could express their thoughts verbally . . . (Zimbardo, 1981, p. 4). A child who is suffering from this much pain needs to be of concern. Anything that makes a child u...

Commanding Heights video series Reaction Paper Movie Review

Commanding Heights video series Reaction Paper - Movie Review Example Moreover, free trade has threatened emerging firm as a result of competition. This has raised concern in the United States because most of the companies are near closure contributing to increased unemployment. Nevertheless, globalization have made it possible for an increased global market and areduction in inefficiency in the production of goods and services. The story also covers the new challenges of terrorism and it effect in the developing world. For example, the attack on American on September 11 ignited a debate about how safe our top world economies are and the best way to counter the threat to investors confident (Yergin, 2012). The movie also discusses the impact of globalization and free trade to the developing world. The poor nations ought not to be a market target for the developed world, but should be incorporated into web of financial and capital flow so they can feel they are part of the system. The prosperity of the rich continues while the poor get worse off. The gap between the rich and the poor widens more as globalization takes root throughits eminent challenges. The free market has become unpredictable leading to thefinancial crisis. For this reason, a new debate has arisen in the opposition to globalization. Scholar’sdoubtwho will change the rule of the game to tame the spread of thefinancial meltdown (Yergin, 2012). The world has abandoned the old order for its failures. Communism was disillusioned, and it did not encourage or contribute to trade, commerce or the growth of capital. On the other hand, capitalism proved to motivate people to trade due to high returns. However, United States and other capitalist countries grappled with boom and burst. Moreover, the growth of democracy has been a challenge to free trade as political parties create political turmoil. To address some of these challenges, the U.S. government has embraced Keynesian theories. Keynes suggested that a free market economy was not

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act - Research Paper Example up to date record of factual money and other business transactions and to file these records with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (National Institute on the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 2008). An issuer is a company whose securities are listed in the U.S. or a company on which it is obligatory to file periodic records regarding company assets and business transactions to the SEC according to the Securities and Exchange Act of 1974. 2. Domestic concerns: ‘Domestic concerns’ is a wider category and encircles the individuals who are citizens, nationals of the U.S. It also encompasses the individuals who are the residents of the United States. All corporations, partnerships, stock companies, and unincorporated organizations, companies listed in the United States Stock exchange which have their major businesses operating in the United States or in any common wealth country and are set up according to the laws of the U.S. are also included in the ‘Domestic Concerns’ category. Therefore, U.S. citizens, nationals or residents will be held responsible for the violation of FCPA even if the foreign officials were bribed outside the territory of United States. Violation of FCPA consists of ‘five components’. If the government succeeds in proving the existence of these five components then the suspect is considered to have violated the FCPA and is subjected to further implications. Anti bribery provisions of FCPA states that it is illegal for U.S. companies, U.S. citizens and companies listed in the U.S. stock exchange to either directly or indirectly offer money, or anything that might be valuable to a foreign officer in exchange for acquiring or retaining business in the U.S (Low et al 2009). Implementation of FCPA is not limited by U.S. territorial boundaries and in several cases FCPA violation is a direct result of corruption that takes place in company departments situated outside the U.S. Therefore, FCPA requires company owners to

Biodiversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Biodiversity - Research Paper Example The disturbance in the balance is due to the disturbance in the food chain. Like in a forest ecosystem, none of the animal is valueless; lamas, zebras, buffaloes and deer are eaten by tigers, lions, leopards and jaguars. If the ecosystem faces the extinction of the lions, tigers, jaguars or leopards, the number of lamas, zebras, buffaloes and deer increase rapidly and thus there would be low food resources for them and animal will die from diseases, which will make the ecosystem unhealthy. Natural Alteration in the Ecosystem Natural occurrences like earthquakes, droughts, etc have heavy impact on the ecosystems. Natural occurrences can produce alterations to the ecosystem. Like the droughts become a reason for the shortage of food (Shah, 2011). The shortage of food may bring some of the creatures to extinct. However, some of the alterations are good for the environment and some of the alterations are worst in terms of extinctions of some of the creatures. Importance of Biodiversity B iodiversity is often considered to have no linkage with the economic sustainability. However, environmental sustainability is often thought to have a connection with the biodiversity. In fact, biodiversity is connected to economic as well as environmental sustainability (Shah, 2012). It can provide food, water and a healthy atmosphere. A decline in the biodiversity of the planet would bring many problems. Biodiversity, Food Resources and Economics Most of the food resources come from the biological resources. If the biological resources regarding the food become less, then there would be a lot of hunger and disease. In this way, it is almost impossible without the utilization of food resources. The economics of a country are largely linked the production and utilization of the food resources. The more the food resources a country has, the more food there will be to export and earn money, to boost the economy. Results show that forty percent of the world’s economy is dependent on the biological resources. However, paper, textile and timber industry will also remain incomplete without preserving biodiversity. In this way, industrial economy depends much on biodiversity, while tourism increase due to forests and preserved marine life. Biodiversity and Medicine Biodiversity has much importance in terms of medicines, as most of the medicines come from the plant and animal sources. The medicines like coniine, etc, which is utilized in the malarial disease come from the plant. The research and development in the field of medicine is totally incomplete without biological resources. In this way biological resources have much importance in the field of medicines. Biodiversity and Climate Change Climate change is one of the biggest threats to the biodiversity of the planet. Some creatures like coral are much sensitive to the small change in the temperature and a little increase in the temperature could become a cause of the death of coral reefs. Coral are importan t in providing many fish and some other marine creatures a shelter and thus extinction of the coral means the extinction of many other species too (Harris, 2012). However, the protection of the biodiversity can only be a factor in controlling the climate change, as the major

Personality Traits And Leadership Abilities

Personality Traits And Leadership Abilities Admittedly, the relationship between Personality traits and leadership effectiveness has generated a lot of interest from researchers in different fields. Many a times, a consensus has been reached suggesting that an individuals successful leadership is determined by his/her personality traits (Matthews, Deary, Whiteman, 2003). In such situations, personality traits are used to measure the leadership performance of such individuals. The assessment criteria typical in such a situation are usually based on the Five-Factor framework, which is often employed as a framework account for analyzing individual traits of individuals. Other ways that have been used to identify whether an individual includes using trait approach to determine charismatic leadership (Goleman, 2004). Over and above, the general question that needs to be explained is whether personality tests can be applied to determine the leadership abilities of individuals (Hackman, Wageman, 2007). Although research studies have showed that aptitude with respect to leadership can ascertained through the evaluation of personality traits, the tools that can be employed to determine their personality traits are faced with common errors and therefore subjecting the findings to warrant a discussion. Nonetheless, the extent to which personality traits can be used to predict an individuals leadership abilities is a matter that is still open to debate. Worse still, there are no proven universal characteristics or character traits used to measure leadership success of individuals. As certain clear characteristics can be seen in excellent leaders, other traits are acquired naturally. In addition to the Five-Factor Model and Charismatic leadership traits, other methods that can be used to predict leadership characters include the application of narrow verses broader perspectives of success in leadership with respect to how personality traits are applied in leadership activities. The Relationship between Leadership and Personality Traits Arguably, leadership ability comprises of various skills that can be acquired throughout an individuals career. It entails the process that makes an individual to be in a position of influencing the attitudes and behaviors of others. As opposed to leaders whose role is to exert influence upon the behaviors of fellow individuals, an effective leader not only exerts influence but also accomplishes organizational goals assigned to his/her leadership role (Robbins, and Judge, 2009). Generally, leaders are concerned with creating a visionary approach to their followers and in turn improving communication and coordination channels that are essential for the completion of the organizational goals while at the same time motivating their subordinates. There are several theories that have been put forward to aid in the measurement of leadership effectiveness. This includes but not limited to cognitive approach, situational approach, the behavioral approach, and lastly the trait approach. For purposes of the topic under discussion, the trait approach can be evaluated with respect to its concept of emphasizing an individuals abilities, personality, and other dispositions that can be used to characterize his/her personality (Matthews, Deary, Whiteman, 2003). The trait further proposes that majority of individuals with leadership capabilities are born with characteristics that are innate thereby giving them the ability to exert influence over other individuals. The Big Five or Five-Factor Model In addition to the issue of intelligence being the most effective trait in measuring managerial effectiveness, five dimensions that are based on personality traits can be used to identify and/or evaluate leadership traits of an individual. It is commonly referred to as the Big Five Model or the Five-Factor model, which is comprised of conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and emotional stability. Each of these factors is made of individual clusters that enable it to acquire specific traits that are closely related. However, all of these dimensions of personality comprising the model are used to describe the personality of human beings. Several advantages can be associated with using the Five-Factor Model as a choice of explaining leadership abilities based on personality traits (Judge, and Bono, 2000). Firstly, it enables researchers to achieve orderliness in the research field that has been in need of such a model for a long period. Secondly, findings from numerous studies can be compared side by side to using elements of meta-analysis. Lastly, the big five elements are often considered to be a common language when it comes to describing the personality of individuals given that the probability of researcher agreeing over personality aspects is very high. Limitations of the Big Five-Factor Model Although the Five-Factor model seems to be a convincing approach of evaluating leadership abilities based on personality characteristics, a number of conceptual and utility drawbacks limits its application. This includes but is not limited to unavailability of agreement between the different aspects that make up the model. For instance, naming of the elements that make up the five personality factors differ significantly in terms of defining each factor (Judge, and Bono, (2000). Additionally, these aspects do present a broad and cumbersome situation when it comes to describing personality when applied in the field of research. This is applicable when data is collected from the field and researchers have to determine the level of detail that needs to be applied in such a situation. Narrow and broad aspects have to be defined in order for the researchers to come up with a more detailed explanation of how personality traits affect leadership abilities. Lastly, this model has been criticized for its failure to explain all aspects that relate to human personality because it does not consider factors such as manipulativeness, honesty, sense of humor, and religiosity among others (Harris, 2006). Narrow vs. Broad Personality Aspects as Applied in Predicting Leadership Abilities In light of the evidence presented in the above analysis, it can be concluded that the application of the Five-Factor analysis to predict leadership capabilities of individuals failed to provide sufficient results. Therefore, narrow and broad personality factors can be applied in different situations to predict leadership abilities of various individuals (Harris, 2006). Narrow personality traits include primary factors whereas broad factors include global factors both, which are measured based on predictive power and utility aspects. Admittedly, personality has been used for a long time as form of measuring the performance and behavior of individuals in the workplace scenario. As such, narrow and broad aspects of personality do have an impact on the ability of leaders to do whatever they feel is right (Matthews, Deary, Whiteman, 2003). For this reason, a number of personality aspects, which determines the level of forcefulness that a leader will employ, realize his/her goals. In turn, an indication will be established to show how well a leader is prepared in attending to leadership priorities. The primary factors established include dominance and social boldness, both of which are very important in determining leadership skills. On the other hand, broad factors include those that affect independent leadership abilities such as openness to change and vigilance. However, they are not so important personality traits that influence leadership abilities of such individuals as compared to narrow aspects. As it can be seen from the above discussion, understanding the factors that influence leaders to do actions that must be done in order to achieve their goals in addition to their independence. It is useful in getting an overall picture of the nature of abilities in leadership and the corresponding relationship to personality. Primary factors enable an individual to determine the qualities that will enable him or her to specify his abilities that will enable him to succeed as a leader. Additionally, the predictive power of leaders are often distinguished in terms of broad and narrow personality perspectives. In turn, competencies in different leadership scenarios can be ascertained by comparing the factors that determine their personality traits. Conclusion Admittedly, for a long time, personality traits have been employed to predict the extent to which an individuals leadership abilities can be ascertained. In fact, the issue has been subjected to numerous debates but over and above all, a consensus that has been agreed upon is that personality traits do predict leadership abilities (Block, 2010). From a managerial point of view, management officials not have a say in the general performance of an organization but also do play an important role in influencing the performance of their seniors or subordinates (Robbins, and Judge, 2009). Conversely, theories have been put forward to explain ways in which personality traits influence leadership performance. A good example is the application of the Big Five model or Five-Factor model as a method of assessing the impacts of personality traits on leadership performance. This framework has been used to account for reasons as to why individual trait differences exist. Generally, the dimensions used to construct this model differ in terms of the dimensions used to describe it but also the nature in which they are constructed. However, the model failed to consider all personality aspects that make up the general humanity perspectives. This led to the explanation of personality traits from a narrow and broad perspective. Additionally, these factors were found to influence leadership abilities of individual using primary and global factors. Generally, what matters the most is the value of a personality trait in influencing the personality trait of an individual (Hackman, Wage man, 2007). In light of evidence presented in this paper, the extent to which personality traits can be used to influence leadership abilities is dependent on the value of the trait in influencing the decision of the individual (Block, 2010). This can be assessed using narrow measures in order to ascertain the effect that the trait brings with respect to the choices made.

Sophie Treadwell and the Centaur of the North :: Sophie Treadwell Essays

Sophie Treadwell and the Centaur of the North In August 1921, an extraordinary meeting took place between two very different people which would result in a brief and unlikely friendship. For four days at an isolated and picturesque ranch called Canutillo near Rosario in northern Mexico, the infamous Mexican revolutionary leader Francisco "Pancho" Villa played host to an intrepid American newspaper correspondent and playwright named Sophie Treadwell. The resulting article that ran on the front page of the New York Tribune on Sunday, August 28, 1921 entitled "A Visit to Villa, A Bad Man Not So Bad" earned Treadwell international notoriety. Recognized for her expertise on the people and politics of Mexico, she would go on to write a series of articles on the topic of Mexican affairs. At that time Mexico was still reeling from a bloody Revolution that saw the ousting of the progressive but tyrannical regime of Porfirio Diaz and three more successive regimes. Treadwell's sympathetic treatment of Mexican affairs allowed her to access people and information that were unavailable to most. As a result, Sophie Treadwell brought to her readership enhanced understanding of important people and events in Mexico; most notably that of Francisco Villa. That an American woman received so much respect and was able to accomplish so much in a country which at the time was generally resentful of Americans as well as totally male dominated attests to the ambitiousness and cultural sensitivity of this noteworthy writer of fact and fiction. Born October 3, 1885 in Stockton California, Sophie Anita Treadwell's ancestry was a mixture of Mexican, English, German, and Scot. The daughter of a judge, she described herself as "a Californian, a mixture of the old 49er and the original Mexican"(Wynn 1). Her family life was marred by the marked absence of her father, of whom she said; "The first thing I remember of my father is that he wasn't there" (Wynn 4). Despite this, it was her father, a theater fan, who introduced Sophie to the theater. Though she would until very recently remain an under-appreciated and unknown playwright, the theater was to become the main focus of her endeavor for much of her life. Upon her graduation from high school in 1901, Treadwell intended to pursue a career in stage acting.

Imports of Pakistan Essay

An import is any good or service brought into one country from another country in a legitimate fashion, typically for use in trade. Import goods or services are provided to domestic consumers by foreign producers. An import in the receiving country is an export to the sending country. Imports, along with exports, form the basis of international trade. Import of goods normally requires involvement of the Customs authorities in both the country of import and the country of export and is often subject to import quotas, tariffs and trade agreements. When the â€Å"imports† are the set of goods and services imported, â€Å"Imports† also means the economic value of all goods and services that are imported. The macroeconomic variable I usually stand for the value of these imports over a given period of time, usually one year. [pic][pic] Pakistan Imports Pakistan is a fast growth country given that it is in a tough neighborhood. For the last 5 years it has averaged 6-7% growth. Pakistan has been burdened with a costly arms race with the 8 times larger India. This has placed severe strain on her resources ever since her independence. However, there are signs that the country is trying to work its way out of the costly foreign policy and move towards greater economic development. Pakistan imports were worth 3649 Million USD in February of 2012. Pakistan imports mainly petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper and paperboard, iron and steel and tea. Its major import partners are: European Union, China, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and United States. This page includes: Pakistan Imports chart, historical data and news. Major Imports of Pakistan 1. Machinery. 2. Petroleum. 3. Chemicals. 4. Vehicles and spare parts. 5. Edible Oil. 6. Wheat. 7. Tea. 8. Fertilizers. 9. Plastic material. 10. Paper Board 11. Iron ore and steel. 12. Pharmaceutical products. Imports of Pakistan Pakistan’s imports are also highly concentrated in few items namely, machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, edible oil, iron and steel, fertilizer and tea. These imports accounted for 73% of total imports during 2006-07. Among these categories machinery, petroleum/petroleum products and chemicals accounted for 53. 4% of total imports. Direction of Imports of Pakistan Pakistan’s imports are highly concentrated in few countries. Over 40 percent of them continue to originate from just seven countries namely, the USA, Japan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Germany, UK and Malaysia. Saudi Arabia is emerging as major supplier to Pakistan followed by the USA and Japan. The shares of USA and Japan, with some fluctuations, exhibited a declining trend because of the shift in the import of machinery/capital goods and raw materials to other sources. On the other hand, the share of Pakistan’s imports from Saudi Arabia has been rising due to higher imports of POL products. Malaysia share has shown rising, as well as, falling trends over the years mainly on account of fluctuations in palm oil prices.

Different Cultures

Different Cultures DIFFERENT CULTURES, SAME REALITIES I realize that no matter what a persons background may be, each an everyone of us is made up of the same thing. We all have problems. We all have emotions and feelings. The conflict comes in when opposite lifestyles, and beliefs come in effect. Sometimes this comes along with racism. All of the stories had real life characters with some kind of complication(s) in their life."My Sweet Sixteenth"  is about a African American girl named Monique. She was faced with a complications that many teenage girls are faced with...teenage pregnancy. She hid her pregnancy from everyone in hopes of having an abortion as soon as she received her birthday money for her coming up birthday. Instead of getting the money and getting an abortion she didn't quite make it past her birthday. The baby was born on her 16th birthday. Yet another complication Monique faced, she was asked not to tell anyone that she had a child because of their family beliefs on this matter.Co mplication (song)The complication in "Eagle Cloud Fawn" , was dealing more with beliefs. Eagle Cloud, a native American waiter, liked an Anglo girl Fawn. His family's beliefs were against this. Eagle Cloud liked her so much he looked at it this way, "What happened yesterday has nothing to do with what you will do today."  "No Win Phuong"  was about a Vietnamese kid called Phuong.He started a new school with a different cultured student body.Phuong felt very much out of place and at unease. He didn't want to play baseball, in the end he had improved greatly and was more comfortable with his surroundings. This must be a tough to deal with a change like that, but he was strong and things turned out rather...

The New Deal2 essays

The New Deal2 essays All countries and civilizations throughout history have been run with some form of government or leadership. Whether the governing body is ruled by a tyrant, monarchy, democracy, or even a tsar, the body has certain responsibilities and jobs. In any given country, the role of the government varies according to the state of the country and the desires of the people in it. During different time periods in American history, the people have expected different things from their government according to the situation. Between the 1920s and 1930s, our nations perceptions of the role of government, its powers, and responsibilities went from wanting the government to keep out of business and the economy to seeking change and governmental actions. With the inauguration of Warren G. Harding, the 1920s were staged to be a Return to Normalcy. Between the ruling of Harding and Calvin Cool Cal Coolidge, America founds its way back to regularity. The country prospered from new inventions and technology along side with the laissez-faire styles of governing brought by Harding and Coolidge; ... the 1920s presidents viewed the role of government as a passive servant of business rather than as an active regulator...# President Coolidge said: The business of America is business, meaning that the economy was doing fine and did not need many if any regulations. This led to good relationships between large businesses, government, and the people of America as shown in this quote: With the upsurge in prosperity, most Americans shed their fears of big business and ceased complaining about the depredations of large corporations.# This protection occurred not only from the executive branch, but also by the legislative branch; The U.S. Supreme Court was dominated by conservative jurists during the 1920s... Many of its decisions protected business from rigorous re...

Discussion feedback(Project Management Assignment) Assignment

Discussion feedback(Project Management ) - Assignment Example You have also noted that you need to work on your self-assurance. It is very important that you work on this skill because in a project, all members draw their strength and inspiration from the team leader. You seem to have a lot of good characteristics but there is a need to work on them such that you become a great leader. Being decisive is very important because leadership has more to do with making decisions than anything else. If you are not decisive, it might be hard to lead a team through a crisis moment. Therefore, you need to work on this characteristic. A good analysis on why leadership and communication are very important for success of a project. Unfortunately, you seem to consider turnover of team members as not a very important setback. This might not be always the case. Consider a turnover of members in a highly technical project, any replacement of the old members may require substantial time for training and bringing them up to speed. Kindly note that having technical skills may not necessarily mean you can join any technical project in your field at any point and continue working without causing disruptions. Communication to you comes out as a very significant factor in ensuring that projects succeed. If there is good communication, everything is likely to roll out as planned. I like the manner in which you relate the housing bubble with learning lessons from the past. That is definitely one way in which business leaders can learn from the past. You are right that cost estimation is necessary in order to determine the viability of a project and thus decide whether to go on with it or not. You also correctly note that work breakdown structure is required to determine what it will take to complete the project and identify any challenges which may be encountered. That is a good analysis there. A good attempt at relating cost estimation with work breakdown structure and project planning schedule. You

Team Project Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Team Project Experience - Essay Example This role offered me an opportunity to explore and exercise my leadership skills. The role gave me a chance to take part in the project from the time the project was set up to the end. Usually, these duties begin in the second stage of the project but I got an opportunity to participate from the beginning as a member of the team that floated the first ideas for the project. Through this, I understood the project in full. The advantage that came with taking this responsibility is that as a member of the team I got the chance to participate in the project from start to finish. A holder of this position drove the project from the implementation stage to completion. My duties during project implementation included among others preparation of the project management plan that began with stage three (Chermack 2011). Risk assessment in addition to planning the mitigation aspects were my roles that I performed well during the process. These functions fell under my overall jurisdiction of lead ing the project team to achieve set objectives following through set targets at every stage. The responsibility was also enthusiastic, as I made sure that team members comprehended their assigned responsibilities. As an evaluation aspect, the manager monitored performance against the original plan. This helped in eliminating leakages and shielding the project from slipping out of the original plan. ... Good communication skills supplemented this strength. This happened in an honest and clear manner while maintaining respect among all team members. A good team player is a good listener, this aided in the effective functioning of the team (Tuckman and Jensen 1977). Coordination was product of good communication that included open and clear communication channels. I injected this personality into the team and it effectively helped the efficiency of working as a team. Among other strengths, I was flexible and this was important for a team member as the team often worked under changing conditions. Personal professional qualities Team projects run on deliverables and deadlines. Professional qualities that I brought into the team for the role-played included the element of cohesiveness that augmented the skills and other qualities possessed by other members. I acquired these skills in extra weekend classes offered at the extra mural studies centre. As a member of the team who preferred th e role of a project manager, I demonstrated leadership qualities in the team and this was crucial in underlying the essence of cohesiveness. Experience showed that the effectiveness of this quality served well for the team as members enjoyed good communication and sound conflict resolution mechanisms. As a project manager, I initiated the strength deployment inventory (SDI) that raised the need for the team to work together cohesively. It also offered opportunities for team members to draft successful working relationships (Nagarajan 2005). Through this, members of the project team learnt motivational areas of their colleagues. This knowledge enhanced the alignment of the members to the project goals. Clear understanding of project roles and awareness of skills of team

Financial Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Analysis - Essay Example The current ratio shows the ability of a company to pay off its short term debt. It is calculated dividing current assets divided by current liabilities. Agnico Eagle had a current ratio in 2012 of 3.26. This ratio is very good because it is better than the industry average of 1.50. The quick ratio is another liquidity ratio that measures short term liquidity. The difference between the quick ratio and the current ratio is that inventory is subtracted from the numerator of the formula making the quick ratio a more strict liquidity ratio. The company had a quick ratio in 2012 of 2.02 which is better than the industry average of 0.70. The debt ratio of the firm in 2012 was 0.35. This ratio shows that the company is not too highly leveraged. In the future, the company could use additional debt to finance its growth. The debt to equity ratio of the firm was 0.54. This ratio measures a number of assets being provided by creditors for each dollar of assets being provided by stockholders. T he earnings per share (EPS) of the firm was $1.81. A good EPS result tends to have a positive effect on the market price per share. The dividend per share of the company was $1.02. The dividend payout ratio of the firm was 56.35% which implies that more than half its earnings were distributed to common shareholders. The net margin shows the absolute profitability of a firm. Agnico Eagle had a net margin in 2012 of 16.21%. Its net margin was extremely good considering that the industry average net margin that year was -25.60%.

Pros and Cons of Genetically Modified Foods Essay Example for Free

Pros and Cons of Genetically Modified Foods Essay Our ancestors first cultivated plants some ten thousand years ago. They domesticated animals later and then selectively bred both plants and animals to meet various requirements for human food. Humans discovered natural biological processes such as fermentation of fruits and grains to make wine and beer, and yeast for baking bread. Manipulation of foods is not a new story, therefore. The latest agricultural discovery uses genetic engineering technology to modify foods. Farmers and plant breeders have been changing crop plants to improve characteristics such as size, resistance to disease and taste. Plants which grow well, have a higher yield or taste better are selected and bred from. This is still the most widely used technique for developing new varieties of a crop, and is limited by natural barriers which stop different species of organisms from breeding with each other. Genetic modification is very different to these traditional plant breeding techniques. Genetic modification is the insertion of DNA from one organism to another, usually by molecular technologies. Genetically Modified Foods (GMF) are animals or plants that have had genetic modification. This changes the characteristics of the organism, or the way it grows and develops. Jim Maryanski from the U. S. Food and Drug Administration, had the following to say in an interview published on the FDAs website. ?There are hundreds of new plant varieties introduced every year in the United States, and all have been genetically modified through traditional plant breeding techniquessuch as cross-fertilization of selected plantsto produce desired traits.? (Robin)Current and future GM products include:a)Food that can deliver vaccines bananas that produce hepatitis B vaccineb)More nutritious foods rice with increased iron and vitaminsc)Faster growing fish, fruit and nut treesd)Plants producing new plasticsIn so many respects, genetic modification is perfect for todays society. It would help agriculturalists overcome all headaches associated with growing large crops, and basically tailor the food growth industry to mass consumption by the general population. The famous frost-resistant tomato example is perfect in illustrating this point. With a tomato that resists frost, the season for growing them would be longer and therefore a farmer would be able to produce more tomatoes in one year than they were able to do in the past. Gene technology not only gives us the potential to select the exact characteristics we want in an organism, but it also enables us to cross species barriers. For example, we can take an insecticide-producing gene from a bacterium and insert it into a plant, making the plant resistant to insect attack. This new-found ability to cross species barriers is what makes gene technology such a powerful tool. Producing enough food for the worlds population without using up all the available land is an enormous challenge. One solution is to develop crops that yield more with fewer inputs; that are more resistant to diseases; that spoil less during storage and transport; that contain more useful nutrients; and that can grow in agricultural land that has been degraded. Gene technology gives us the potential to do this. Genetically modified foods have been available since the 1990s. The principal ingredients of GM foods currently available are derived from genetically modified soybean, maize and canola. The first commercially grown genetically modified food crop was a tomato created by Calgene called the FlavrSavr. Calgene submitted it to the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for assessment in 1992; following the FDAs determination that the FlavrSavr was, in fact, a tomato, did not constitute a health hazard, and did not need to be labeled to indicate it was genetically modified, Calgene released it into the market in 1994, where it met with little public comment. Considered to have a poor flavor, it never sold well and was off the market by 1997. However, it had improved solids contents which made it an attractive new variety for canned tomatoes. Transgenic crops are grown commercially or in field trials in over 40 countries and on 6 continents. In 2000, about 109. 2 million acres (442,000 km? ) were planted with transgenic crops, the principal ones being herbicide- and insecticide-resistant soybeans, corn, cotton, and canola. Other crops grown commercially or field-tested are a sweet potato resistant to a US strain of a virus that affects one out of the more than 89 different varieties of sweet potato grown in Africa, rice with increased iron and vitamins such as golden rice, and a variety of plants able to survive extreme weather. Between 1996 and 2001, the total surface area of land cultivated with GMOs had increased by a factor of 30, from 17,000 km? (4. 2 million acres) to 520,000 km? (128 million acres). The value for 2002 was 145 million acres (587,000 km? ) and for 2003 was 167 million acres (676,000 km? ). Soybean crop represented 63% of total surface in 2001, maize 19%, cotton 13% and canola 5%. In 2004, the value was about 200 million acres (809,000 km? ) of which 2/3 were in the United States. In particular, Bt corn is widely grown, as are soybeans genetically designed to tolerate glyphosate herbicides. Future applications of GMOs include bananas that produce human vaccines against infectious diseases such as Hepatitis B, fish that mature more quickly, fruit and nut trees that yield years earlier, and plants that produce new plastics with unique properties. The next decade will see exponential progress in GM product development as researchers gain increasing and unprecedented access to genomic resources that are applicable to organisms beyond the scope of individual projects. Biologist Stephen Nottingham explains the risks of GMF:? Experimental trials with transgenic organisms are usually conducted strict regulations to minimize the potential spread of genetic material? Even given these regulations, however, no field trial can be said to be 100% secure. This was illustrated when flooding struck the American Midwest in July 1993 and an entire field of experimental insect-resistant maize was swept away in Iowa. ?once released accidentally into the environment, plant material may prove difficult to recover. (Bragi)Unique ecological risks have been associated with virus-resistant transgenic crop plants?leaving crops more vulnerable to virus attack and risking the spread of virus susceptibility to other plants. Genetically modified foods are unlikely to present direct risks to human health. There are two main areas of concern:a)The possibility of allergic reactions to genetically modified foods, andb) The possibility that bacteria living in the human gut may acquire resistance to antibiotics from marker genes present in transgenic plants. Proponents claim that a genetically-modified potato is as safe as one modified the old-fashioned way, through generations of selective breeding; biotechnology just gets the job done more quickly. Critics are concerned that mixing together genetic material from different species might produce unexpected allergic reactions in the person who eats or drinks it. For instance, if an individual consumer who is allergic to broccoli eats a banana that just happens to have a little broccoli DNA under the peel, that person might get sick. Some studies on animals indicate that consuming genetically-modified foods may cause allergic responses, compromise immune systems and inhibit organ growth, although no proven cases of widespread reactions have been definitively documented. Opponents of biotech foods want other questions answered, as well. Will re-engineering a plant or animal to serve a specific end, such as improving taste, decrease its nutritional value? Will consuming genetically-modified food products make a person more resistant to antibiotics, which are widely used to treat bacterial infections? Does consuming milk or meat from livestock that has been injected with growth hormones (a form of biotechnology that is different from genetic modification) subject consumers to early puberty, cancer, and other ailments? Since neither side has been able to provide definitive answers, the jury is still out on food safety; after all, genetic technology itself is barely decades old. So one can condense the issue into a single question: should we move forward with new technologies that might help provide higher crop yields, new and interesting types of food products, and more profits for the companies that own the technology; or play it safe and wait until we better understand the health and environmental consequences of manipulating life forms that took generations to develop? Multinational Corporations benefit because GMF can be very profitable. GMF have taken hold quickly because multinational corporations with the resources to make large financial investments in research and development can profit directly. Multinational companies can spread out the benefit and profit to many branches of their businesses. Many such corporations combine the following: an agrochemical company, a seed company, a pharmaceutical company, a food processing company and sometimes businesses involved with veterinary products. Developments in one part of the corporation can be used to sell products in another branch. Farmers benefit in the short term because they can grow and sell more crops with fewer problems due to weeds, pests, fungi or frost. The genetically modified seed is designed to resist these traditional enemies. Food processing companies benefit from a ready supply of raw food ingredients designed for specific processing needs. Genetically modified tomatoes and potatoes, for instance, have higher solid contents and yield more sauces and French fries. These foods take longer to ripen and rot. Thus less food is spoiled and more gets processed. Supermarkets benefit for the same reasons. The fresh produce lasts longer on the shelves and is more profitable. Consumers, to date, havent benefited. GMF have been developed for the convenience of the producer and processor. Yet they cost more to produce and the costs get passed along to the consumer. Eventually there will be some kind of designer novelty foods for shoppers to try. Nottingham adds that there are many other concerns including ethical questions involving animal welfare, whether DNA is actual life, and intellectual property rights and genetic resources from the Third World. (Bragi)The worlds poorest nations account for around 95. 7% of the worlds genetic resources. Traditional farming practices involve farmers retaining seeds, from the harvest of one years crop, for planting in the following year. This practice saves money on buying seed and in itself represents a continuous selection for yield and resistance to pests and diseases. However, with genetically modified seed, royalties are payable to the companies holding the patent for the seed. Under world trade agreement rulings, farmers have to make substantial royalty payments to multinational companies if they keep seed for replanting, even if the crop happens to be native to their particular country. Genetic engineering is a valuable new technology that can develop more plentiful and nutritious foods, with great potential benefits for humanity and the environment, and this new scientific discovery needs to be implemented as quickly as possible for humanitarian reasons. As with every new scientific technology, harmful side effects of genetic engineering are inevitable and great care should be taken in its implementation, including carefully controlled long-term tests on human health and environmental impacts. All genetically engineered foods have been thoroughly tested and demonstrated to be safe before they are released into the marketplace. However, this testing is typically conducted only on rats and other animals, by the companies involved. Very little of this research has been reviewed by independent scientists and then published in scientific journals. Genetically engineered foods are usually substantially equivalent to other foods, with no increased risk to human health, and no need for the lengthy and expensive human testing demanded of, for example, new food additives. However, the unpredictable disruptions in normal DNA functioning caused by genetic engineering can produce unanticipated and unknown side effects for human health, including unknown and unpredictable toxins and allergens, and these possibilities can only be definitively assessed through human testing. Genetic engineering is a scientific and technological process, and its evaluation and governmental regulation should be based on purely scientific and objective criteria. To have a purely scientific evaluation of genetically engineered foods, we need more science, especially human studies and environmental studies. Moreover, purely scientific assessment of genetic engineering ignores the fact that, for many people, food has cultural, ethical and religious dimensions that must also be considered. Alan McHughen, author of Pandoras Picnic Basket: The Potential and Hazards of Genetically Modified Foods, in the introduction he states:Make no mistake: I am in favor of an orderly and appropriately regulated introduction of some GMOs into the environment and marketplace, and I adamantly oppose others. There are good reasons to ban certain products of genetic technology, and good reasons to allow, with management, certain others; some may require no extraordinary regulation at all. If your opinion differs from mine after reading this book, I hope you will be able to justify, if only to yourself, why we disagree. My philosophy is to be skeptical, be critical, even cynical of claims by business interests, government agencies, and activist groups. But also keep an open mind and then decide for yourself. (Internet 7)There? s no doubt that the GM food supply should be closely monitored and regulated, but that doesn? t mean it should all be banned. I believe that genetic engineering of plants, animals, and humans has much to offer as long as we are aware of potential benefits and side effects. And that? s true even for more traditional methods of farming, animal husbandry, and medicine. Work Sited:1. Cummings, Michael R. , and Williams S. Klug. Concepts of Genetics. New Delhi: Pearson Education, 2004. 2. Dubey, R. C. A Textbook of Biotechnology. New Delhi: S. Chand, 20063. Kumar, H. D. Modern Concepts of Biotechnology. New Delhi: Vikash Publishing House, 20034. Purohit, S. Agricultural Biotechnology. India: Agrobios, 20055. Purohit, S. Biotechnology: Fundamental and Applications. India: Agrobios, 2004Internet. Reference:1. Bragi, David. ?Food Savior Or Frankenfood? The Debate Over Genetically Modified Foods?. http://www. sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article. cgi? f=/gate/archive/2001/06/25/healthwatch. DTL2. Robbin, Adria. ?What Are We Eating http://serendip. brynmawr. edu/biology/b103/f00/web1/robbin. html3. Schultz, Norman. http://www. beyondintractability. org/essay/fact_finding_limits/. 4. Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia. http://www. wikipedia. org/wiki/genetic_engineering5. Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia. http://www. wikipedia. org/wiki/genetically_modified_food6.? Genetic Engineering: The Controversy?. http://www. genetic-id. com/prosncons/index. htm7. http://www. foodmuseum. com/issues. html.